Breast Cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women. At the molecular level, it is a heterogenous disease with molecular features that are used to guide treatment. Download Image

Endometriosis is an often chronic condition in women with a heterogeneous presentation in which tissue resembling the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) is found at sites outside the uterus. The condition is associated with severe pelvic pain and infertility. Download Image

Subfertility (also known as infertility) is common and affects 1 in 6 couples. The World Health Organization definition of female subfertility is the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected regular sexual intercource, or due to impairment of a women’s capacity to reproduce. Download Image

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication in pregnancy. GDM involves the development of gestational hyperglycemia that resolves immediately after birth but carries short-term and long-term health risks for both mother and baby. Download Image

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting premenopausal women worldwide. PCOS is characterized by elevated elevated androgens, irregular menstruation and polycystic ovaries. Download Image

Postpartum psychiatric disorders (PPDs), which include depression and anxiety, can develop within the first year after childbirth. These disorders are distinct from the ‘baby blues’, which are characterized by transient mild mood or anxiety symptoms that persist for ≤2 weeks. Disorders occurring during pregnancy or after birth are classified as perinatal psychiatric disorders. Download Image

Recurrent pregnancy loss refers to loss of two or more clinically recognized pregnancies (confirmed via pregnancy test, ultrasonography, or histopathology) before 20-24 weeks of gestation. Download Image

Uterine fibroids are benign neoplasms of the uterus that are a major source of morbidity in women of reproductive age. Symptoms include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, as well as pain and urinary and gastrointestinal problems. Download Image

Vulvodynia - that is, pain in the vulva without an identifiable cause - can occur spontaneously or with touch during sexual and non-sexual situations. The term dyspareunia refers to pain during intercourse only, which can include vulvodynia (if pain is localized to the vulvar region) or deeper pelvic pain. Download Image

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is common and usually occurs in weeks 6–8 to weeks 16–20 of pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) can be described as the most severe form of NVP. HG can last the duration of the pregnancy and have complications such as dehydration and nutritional deficiencies. Download Image

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a form of polyuria–polydipsia syndrome characterized by excessive urination (polyuria) and excessive drinking (polydipsia), and comprises four types: central, nephrogenic, and gestational DI and primary polydipsia. Download Image

Urinary incontinence is the unintended leakage of urine. The two main types are stress urinary incontinence (urine leak in association with physical exertion) and urgency urinary incontinence (urine leak in association with a sudden compelling desire to void). Download Image

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that is characterized by structural alterations and low bone mass, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common type and is caused by rapid bone loss due to postmenopausal oestrogen deficiency. Download Image